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FILE I/O

To read from and write to files, the appropriate stream should first be opened via the standard library function fopen(), whose prototype is:

    FILE   *fopen(char  *filename, char  *description);

The filename and description arguments specify the name of the file and how it will be used, such as "r" for reading a text stream and "w" for writing to a text stream.  The return value is a pointer to a FILE type: a data structure defined in stdio.h identifying the characteristics of the I/O device specified.

The fprintf() and fscanf() functions are very similar to printf() and scanf() except that their first argument is a FILE pointer:

    int   fprintf(FILE  *stream, char  *format_string, ...);
    int   fscanf(FILE  *stream, char  *format_string, ...);

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